What is Engineering?

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In all the industrial sectors viz., Oil & Energy, Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Powerplants etc., after getting done with the feasibility study, Basic Engineering is carried out. Sometimes, it is referred to as FEED (Front End Engineering Design) and after that Detailed Engineering is done to carry out Procurement and Construction activities accordingly.

In the engineering project, details are provided of the unit costs of the materials and of the different construction phases. This process serves to provide a project cost estimate closer to reality.

Basic Engineering

The basic engineering design phase is generally associated with an economic and financial feasibility study: for one or two solutions that emerge as the most suitable in the previous phase, details of the design are given including field studies, especially of a topographical, geological, geotechnical, hydrological and hydraulic nature.

The basic engineering consist of core documentation of projects, including process flow diagrams, heat & mass balances, piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs), control & operational philosophy, basic equipment sizing, equipment specifications, conceptual equipment layout, etc.

Detailed Engineering

A detailed engineering is the set of drawings/documents generated from the all the construction details by below mentioned discipline which must be approved for construction. This process serves to provide a closed project cost estimate.

Engineering involves following disciplines:

  • Civil, Structural & Architectural
  • Mechanical
    • Static
    • Rotating
    • Packages
    • Piping (Layout, Material, Stress Analysis)
  • Process
  • Electrical Design & Engineering
  • Instrumentation & Control

Engineering includes preparation of following documents and activities:

  • Plot plan
  • Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)
  • Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)
  • Heat & Mass Balance
  • HAZOP/ HAZID
  • Specifications
  • Finalization of Layout (3D Modelling & 2D Drafting)
  • Stress Analysis
  • Model Reviews & Reports
  • Inter disciplinary checking of all drawings & documents
  • Datasheets of various mechanical & electrical equipment, instruments etc.
  • General Arrangement Drawings/ Layouts in all disciplines Approved for Construction

  • Isometrics Approved for Construction (AFC)

  • Civil & Structural drawings AFC

  • Engineering for Procurement i.e., Material/ Inquiry Requisitions, Technical Questionnaire (TQ), Technical Bid Evaluation (TBE), Purchase Requisition, Vendor Drawing Review
  • Bill of Materials/ Material Take Off from all the disciplines for which procurement is to be carried out.

In the next article, you'll be given an insight on How Procurement is carried out and what are the activities involved in it..

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